Bushcraft Axes: Cut to the Chase and Choose the Right One for You

The essence of bushcraft is learning the skills required to live successfully in the bumfunk nowhere. Whether building a shelter, gathering firewood, or crafting tools, having the right gear is critical. Among these tools, the bushcraft axe stands out as one of the most essential.

An axe is a versatile and powerful tool capable of performing a wide range of tasks—from chopping wood to splitting kindling and even shaping materials for constructing shelters or traps, and fighting off the zombie hordes after everything collapses if you’re into such things. Because of its significance, choosing the right bushcraft axe is important. The right axe will ensure your safety, improve your efficiency, and offer the adaptability needed for various outdoor scenarios.

In this article, you'll learn what factors are most important when selecting a bushcraft axe, helping you make an informed choice that best suits your wilderness needs.

Bushcraft Axes: An Overview

A bushcraft axe is an irreplaceable tool for anyone serious about outdoor survival and bushcraft activities. On top of that, axes are simply cool! Whether you’re chopping wood for a campfire, carving tools, or performing other essential tasks, a bushcraft axe is engineered to be your reliable companion.

Understanding what a bushcraft axe is and what it can do is important before making any decisions on which one to choose. Bushcraft axes are not just general-purpose tools; they are built with specific functions in mind that cater to outdoor survival:

• Chopping Wood: Ideal for fellingl trees or splitting logs for firewood.

• Carving: Useful for shaping wood into tools, utensils, or other necessary items when you're in the wild.

• General Wilderness Tasks: From processing kindling to crafting shelter components, a bushcraft axe can handle a variety of survival needs.

Having a clear grasp of these basic capabilities will help you make informed choices as you look into different types of bushcraft axes later on.

Why is Choosing the Right Bushcraft Axe Important?

Safety and Efficiency

When you use a well-chosen axe, you’ll have better control and precision during tasks, significantly reducing the risk of injury. This is especially important in outdoor environments where medical help might be far away.

A properly sized axe enhances safety and efficiency, allowing you to work quicker and with less effort, whether chopping wood or carving tools. The right balance and weight minimize fatigue, enabling longer work sessions without losing effectiveness. In demanding outdoor conditions, choosing an axe that fits your size and weight needs is essential for maintaining control and reducing strain.

With the right bushcraft axe in hand, you'll be better equipped to handle whatever nature throws your way—safely and efficiently.

Versatility in Survival Situations

Carrying multiple tools isn't always feasible when you're out in the wilderness. A versatile, carefully selected axe can perform multiple functions that would otherwise require separate tools. You can chop wood for shelter or fire, split logs into manageable sizes, carve wood for traps or utensils, and even use it as a hammer when needed. This adaptability can determine your success in unexpected situations, as a multi-functional axe equips you to handle a broader range of challenges.

Types of Bushcraft Axes

Hatchets

A hatchet is an excellent choice if you're looking for a compact, lightweight, and easy-to-carry tool. Whether you're planning a short trip or need something that won't weigh you down, the hatchet's portability makes it ideal for these scenarios. You can easily stow it in your backpack or attach it to your belt without feeling burdened by its weight.

Hatchets are versatile tools, capable of handling a variety of tasks you might encounter in the wild. You can use them for chopping small branches, splitting kindling for your fire, or even carving wood into more complex shapes. Their design is optimized for one-handed use, giving you greater control and precision when performing detailed tasks. This makes them particularly useful in situations where accuracy is more important than raw power. However, if you need to fell bigger trees or split a lot of firewood, a hatchet is not the ideal choice.

Small Axes

Small axes that many modern manufacturers might call small forest axes or hunting axes strike a perfect balance between portability and power, making them an ideal choice for a variety of bushcraft tasks. Larger than hatchets but smaller than forest axes, these tools are versatile enough to handle tasks that require both finesse and strength.

With a small axe, you'll find it easier to limb branches, chop down small trees, and even perform detailed carving work. The extra cutting power they offer compared to hatchets allows you to tackle more demanding jobs without the bulk or weight of larger axes.

Despite their increased utility, small axes remain compact and easy to transport. Their size makes them a favorite among those who need a reliable tool for extended trips into the wilderness, where every ounce of gear counts.

Forest Axes

A forest axe is an irreplaceable tool for larger tasks in the wilderness. As a larger bushcraft implement, it excels at heavy-duty jobs like felling bigger trees and splitting big logs into firewood. The key to its power lies in its design: the longer handle allows you to generate more force with each swing, while the heavier head delivers that force with precision.

This combination of features makes the forest axe particularly suitable for:

• Building heavy-duty shelters from natural materials

• Processing larger quantities of firewood

• Handling other demanding tasks that require considerable cutting power

However, this power comes at the cost of portability, as forest axes are bulkier and heavier than bushcraft axes, making them less convenient to carry..

Splitting Axes

As their name suggests, splitting axes are designed for one purpose: splitting wood. Unlike general-purpose axes that you might use for chopping or other bushcraft tasks, splitting axes excel at breaking apart logs and larger pieces of wood into smaller, more manageable pieces. This makes them ideal for preparing large stacks of firewood and splitting heavily knotted stumps.

The unique design of a splitting axe is what sets it apart. It features a heavier, wedge-shaped head, which allows the axe to drive through wood with efficiency and force. This wedge shape effectively pushes the wood apart as it splits, making your work quicker and easier. However, this specialized head also limits the versatility of the axe—it's primarily used for splitting rather than other bushcraft activities like felling trees or carving. That’s why it isn’t as useful as a bushcraft axe, but is irreplaceable at home or cabin if you need lots of firewood.

What to Consider When Selecting a Bushcraft Axe

Axe Head Material

The material of the axe head is crucial to its overall performance. The quality of the steel used can greatly affect both the durability and sharpness of your axe, which in turn influences its effectiveness in the field.

High-quality steel is essential for an axe head because it directly impacts how long the blade will stay sharp and how well it can withstand heavy use. For bushcraft purposes, you’ll typically encounter two main types of steel: carbon steel and stainless steel:

• Carbon Steel: Known for its superior sharpness and ease of sharpening, carbon steel is often preferred by those who prioritize cutting efficiency. However, it requires more maintenance since it’s prone to rust if not properly cared for. This isn’t a huge issue, however.

• Stainless Steel: Stainless steel holds its edge better than carbon steel and offers better resistance to corrosion. However, it is also a lot more difficult to sharpen, and the material is more expensive. 

Most high-quality axes are made from carbon steel because it is overall a better material for axes that you want to use.

Handle Material and Length

When selecting a bushcraft axe, the handle material and length are critical for its effectiveness in the field. The handle influences durability, grip, and comfort, which are vital for prolonged use. Wood handles offer comfort, good looks, and good shock absorption but require more maintenance. In contrast, synthetic handles are more durable and less prone to breaking, though they may not absorb shock as well, which can lead to fatigue during extended use. Note that if you somehow manage to break the synthetic handle in the middle of nowhere, you cannot replace it, but you can always make a new handle for a wooden-handled axe.

The length of the handle is equally important because it affects your ability to control the axe and its portability. A longer handle generally allows for more powerful swings, making it ideal for tasks like chopping larger logs. However, this added length can make the axe harder to control and challenging to carry. Conversely, a shorter handle offers better precision and is easier to transport, but you might need more effort to achieve the same cutting power. 

The old saying in Finland was that the axe handle length is ideal when the blade almost touches the ground when the axe is hung from your hand by your side. However, these guys might have had a bit different comfort requirements than the modern folks. Nevertheless, if you use the axe a lot, you might wanna skip the small hatchets.

Axe Weight and Balance

Weight and balance are crucial for the effectiveness and comfort of a bushcraft axe. Heavier axes generate more force but add bulk in your pack. Conversely, lighter axes are easier to handle but may require a lot more swings to achieve the same results.

Balance is equally important. A well-balanced axe allows for greater precision in your tasks while reducing the risk of injury. When an axe is properly balanced, the head and handle work in harmony, making it easier to control each stroke. This leads to cleaner cuts with less effort, which is essential when working in the wilderness, where conserving energy is key. However, for splitting lots of wood, you want a very heavy blade combined with a long handle.

It’s important to match the weight and balance of your axe to your own strength and the specific tasks you plan to undertake. An improperly weighted or unbalanced axe can result in inefficient chopping, requiring more effort to complete the task. This not only slows you down but also increases the likelihood of injury due to mishandling or overexertion.

Blade Design and Sharpness

The design of the blade directly impacts how well an axe performs in different tasks, whether you're chopping wood or carving finer details. A broader, heavier blade is better suited for chopping, allowing you to split logs and tackle larger pieces of wood with ease. In contrast, a narrower and thinner blade excels at carving, giving you more control over precision work, such as shaping tent pegs or crafting complex tools.

The shape and profile of the blade also play a significant role in cutting efficiency. For example, a convex edge—where the blade curves outward—offers better durability and can handle heavy-duty chopping without chipping easily. Conversely, a straight edge or a concave grind is more suitable for detailed tasks that require fine control.

Equally important is keeping your axe sharp. A sharp blade cuts cleanly and efficiently, reducing the amount of force you need to apply, which in turn lessens fatigue and lowers the risk of accidents. Dull blades not only require more effort but also increase the likelihood of slippage, which can lead to injury.

Durability and Maintenance

Durability and ease of maintenance are important factors to consider when selecting a bushcraft axe. You want an axe that can withstand the rigors of outdoor use while requiring minimal upkeep.

First, prioritize axes made from high-quality materials that resist wear and tear, ensuring the tool will last through years of chopping, splitting, and carving. Also, consider axes with corrosion-resistant coatings or finishes, which help prevent rust and degradation, especially in wet or humid environments.

Another key consideration is the axe's repairability and maintenance. Wood-handled axes excel in this regard because the synthetic handles cannot be replaced if broken. This feature extends the lifespan of your tool and ensures you're not left with a broken axe far from civilization.

Additional Features to Look For

Sheaths and Protective Covers

The importance of sheaths and protective covers should not be underestimated when choosing a bushcraft axe. These accessories are essential for both your safety and the longevity of your axe.

A sheath is crucial for preventing accidental injuries from the sharp blade. It reduces the risk of cuts during handling and storage while also protecting the blade from nicks or dulling caused by contact with rocks and other objects. It also protects your pack and other gear from the axe blade.

Common sheath materials include:

• Leather: Known for its durability, traditional looks, and ability to protect against moisture, leather sheaths offer excellent protection but might require maintenance to prevent cracking.

• Nylon: Lightweight and resistant to wear, nylon sheaths are often more affordable and easier to maintain than leather but may offer slightly less protection.

• Plastic: Hard plastic sheaths provide robust protection against impacts and moisture but are generally bulkier and less flexible.

Using a sheath or protective cover also enhances the longevity of your bushcraft axe. By shielding the blade from environmental elements like moisture, you can prevent rust and corrosion, which would otherwise deteriorate the axe over time.

Beyond protection and durability, sheaths make it much safer and more convenient to transport your axe. Whether hiking through dense wilderness or carrying it in your backpack, having a sheath allows you to move freely without worrying about the sharp blade.

Grip and Ergonomics

A secure grip is essential when using a bushcraft axe for extended periods. The design of the handle significantly affects your control during chopping and splitting. An ergonomic handle reduces strain on your hands and wrists, improving efficiency and minimizing fatigue.

Handle shape and texture are also important factors to consider. A well-designed handle helps prevent slippage, especially in challenging conditions such as rain or cold weather. These features ensure that your axe remains firmly in your hands, reducing the risk of accidents.

Customization Options

Customization allows you to tailor an axe to fit your personal preferences and specific needs. This can be as simple as modifying the handle to improve grip and comfort. Some bushcrafters prefer a thicker handle for a more secure hold, while others might choose to sand down or reshape the handle to better suit their hand size or preferred grip style.

In addition to these functional changes, there are practical considerations like altering or adding a sheath. A well-designed sheath can provide better protection for both the axe and the user during transport and make it easier to carry your axe securely on your belt or backpack.

Lastly, many individuals opt for custom engraving or other forms of personalization on their axe. Not only does this add a unique touch, but it also helps with easy identification—especially important in a group setting where others might have similar tools.

Maintenance Tips

Sharpening and Edge Maintenance

Maintaining a sharp edge on your bushcraft axe is vital for efficient and safe use. The frequency of sharpening depends on how often and how you use the axe and the material of the axe head. High-carbon steel axes may dull faster and require more frequent sharpening, but they are easier to sharpen than stainless steel.

To keep your axe in top condition, you'll need some basic sharpening tools:

• Sharpening stone: A versatile tool that can be used both in the field and at home.

• File: Useful for removing larger nicks or reshaping an edge that has become significantly dull.

When sharpening your axe, it's important to maintain the correct bevel angle. Most bushcraft axes have a bevel angle of around 25-30 degrees. Use consistent pressure as you work the tool along the edge, whether you're using a stone or a file. This will help ensure an even and sharp blade.

Regularly inspecting the edge of your axe is just as important as sharpening it. Look out for any nicks or damage that might have occurred during use. Minor issues can often be addressed with a few extra passes with your sharpening tool, which can save you from more extensive repairs later on.

Cleaning and Oil

After each use, it's important to clean your bushcraft axe to keep it in top condition. Dirt, sap, and moisture can accumulate on the axe head, potentially leading to rust if not properly removed. To clean the axe head, use a soft cloth or brush with mild soap and water. This will safely remove residue without damaging the metal. Avoid using harsh chemicals, as they can negatively affect the metal's integrity.

After cleaning, make sure to dry the axe head thoroughly. Any remaining moisture can cause corrosion over time, reducing the lifespan of your axe. Once dry, apply a thin layer of oil to the axe head to create a protective barrier against rust. Natural oils like linseed oil are often recommended because they provide effective protection without harmful side effects.

It's also important to care for the wooden handle of your axe. Periodically oiling the handle prevents it from drying out and cracking. Ideally, use the same type of oil you applied to the axe head to maintain consistency in care. Regular cleaning and oiling will help ensure that your bushcraft axe remains a reliable tool for years to come.

Storage

Properly storing your bushcraft axe is crucial for ensuring its durability and functionality. To maintain your axe in excellent condition, it's essential to store it appropriately when not in use.

Always store your axe in a dry environment. Moisture can lead to rust and other forms of damage that could compromise the axe’s durability and performance over time. Consider keeping it in a temperature- and humidity-controlled place, such as a garage or shed, but ensure it's away from any sources of moisture.

Make sure the blade does not come into contact with hard surfaces. This helps prevent dulling or chipping, which would require frequent sharpening or repair. Hanging the axe by its handle or placing it on a dedicated rack can keep the blade safely elevated and protected from unintended impacts.

Lastly, always use a sheath or protective cover during storage. This not only safeguards the blade but also helps protect you from accidental injuries when handling or moving the axe. The sheath provides an additional barrier against environmental factors like dust and moisture.

By following these simple storage practices, you can significantly extend the life of your bushcraft axe and ensure that it remains ready for use whenever you need it.

Conclusion

Selecting the right bushcraft axe is essential for your safety, efficiency, and versatility in survival situations. A well-chosen axe can be a reliable tool for various tasks, from chopping firewood to clearing a path through dense underbrush. However, not all axes are created equal, and the type of axe you choose should align with the specific tasks you plan to undertake.

With a variety of axes available, it's important to consider factors like material, weight, and design. These elements will influence how the axe performs in different scenarios and how comfortable it is to use over extended periods. By evaluating these key aspects, you can make an informed decision to ensure that your axe meets your bushcraft needs.

In summary:

• Choose the right axe for safety, efficiency, and versatility in survival scenarios.

• Match the axe type to the specific tasks you'll be performing.

• Evaluate key factors such as material, weight, and design to make an informed choice.

Taking the time to select the right bushcraft axe will pay off when you're out in the wilderness and need reliable tools at your side.

For the best axes and more essential bushcraft gear, visit us at Varusteleka!

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